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Cutting plum tree properly - tutorial with all instructions

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Author: Lewis Jackson
Date Of Creation: 9 May 2021
Update Date: 1 July 2024
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How to Prune a Plum Tree
Video: How to Prune a Plum Tree

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A plum tree is usually cut to leafless time

Cutting plum tree properly - tutorial with all instructions

Regular cutting is important for a plum tree so that its fruit wood stays young and productive. For Prunus domestica and its seductive subspecies, such as plums, mirabelles and Renekloden this recommendation applies equally. In this tutorial you will learn everything worth knowing about the different types of cuts with many tips & tricks.

Fruit wood on the plum tree

A plum tree carries the richest fruit wood on its two- and three-year branches, Under ideal site conditions, a shoot will remain vital and flowering for up to four years. After four to five years, the fruit wood on plum, Reneklode and mirabelle is exhausted. At this time, the weird branches in the rear area have fresh, two-year-old side shoots to offer. Gardeners do not miss this opportunity and redirect the old wood to the vital offspring. With the beginning of the yield phase, an annual conservation cut is advantageous to clear the way for new fruit wood.


Cutting types and dates

Although a plum tree can grow to a proud 50 to 100 years old, its fruit wood ages after only three to four years. A lush harvest of juicy-sweet plums, ricefields and mirabelle plums gives you the fruit tree if you cut it every one to two years. The following overview summarizes the types of cuts that you use to build and maintain a splendidly flowering and productive plum tree:

Prologue of cut care - planting

The cutting-technical point setting for a productive crown formation takes place in the spring after planting. If you planted your plum tree in the fall, postpone the Prolog of Cut Care to a frost-free day in February or March. How to complete an exemplary planting of plum, renneklode and mirabelle:

You have done everything right in the planting, when in the end the top buds of the three to four Leitäste are at the same height, in the so-called juice balance. This does not apply to the dominant middle drive. Its lace bud surpasses the juice balance by 15 to 20 centimeters.


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Pay attention to the scattering and angle of the guide posts

Newcomers to the cut care of plum trees fall victim to two common mistakes already when planting. In order for a stable crown to form, the vanes must be arranged on the central drive in balanced distribution. In concrete terms this means that the Attachment points at different heights should be located. Furthermore, the angle to the center drive must not be too steep. A favorably placed Leitast is located at an angle between 45 ° and 90 ° degrees to the trunk, ideally at 60 ° angle. A too steep shoot is splayed in the right angle. Too-flat branches tie up with a string.

Educate plum tree crown profitably

By nature, plum trees form a narrow, upright crown. The growth is characterized by numerous steep drives, which compete with the central drive and shadow valuable fruit wood. In order for plums, ricefloecs and mirabelles to absorb a lot of sunlight and to develop a full aroma, the cut care is dedicated in the first years of an advantageous crown education. Education should be completed by the beginning of the earning phase after two or three years. This is how you proceed correctly:

The danger of steeply upward-directed competition is not to be underestimated. Above all, so-called slot branches impair stability within the crown. Frequently crop accidents are due to the fact that a slot load is broken off. Stay on the heels from the beginning and remove the danger from the crown. If a steep drive is in a very favorable position, tie the wood with string at an advantageous angle of 60 °. The skew reduces the juice pressure, causing flower buds and fruits to form.

The optimal crown shape on the plum tree consists of a dominant central drive and three to four evenly distributed guide branches. Barren, disturbing steep drives are consistently removed. The buds of the leaders should be in the juice scale. The lace bud on the central drive sits 15 to 20 centimeters above the side branches.

Preserved vital fruit wood

A plum tree in the yield phase benefits from a conservation cut every one to two years. Gardeners like to combine the cut with the plum harvest, because at this time worn fruit wood is clearly visible. The crown presents itself more clearly after the fall of leaves in autumn or winter. The largest treasure in the plum tree are two- and three-year-old fruit shoots. These are well identifiable by globular shaped flower buds already created during the current season. In contrast, shoot and leaf buds reveal a narrow, elongated shape. How to cut with horticultural expertise:

This year's unbranched shoots are handled with care. In the rarest cases flower buds are already found here. Cut a branch that is more than 20 centimeters long by a third back to just before an outward white bud. Shorter young shoots remain uncut.


Unfavorable and dead branches are removed on short cones. Multiple worn, older fruit wood lead you off to a young, outward-looking side branch, which already carries flower buds.

Tips

A plum tree sprouts numerous water shoots from spring to autumn. The vertical shoots form from the rhizome of the game pad, below the crown or on the tops of the Leitäste. As long as the unwanted shoots are in the uncontaminated state, they should be removed. Either tear off a water lap or cut off the shoot just before the bark.

Makeover for old plum tree

Without an annual conservation cut, a plum tree will be exhausted within a few years. As the access to sunlight is obstructed for the young fruit wood, the crown is internally frosted. The outer branches are characterized by a massive branching, whose load pulls the wood to the ground. With a rejuvenation cut you can turn back the wheel of time. This is true under the premise of restrained cut, The diameter of the branches to be removed should not exceed half the diameter of the lead branch or trunk. How to rejuvenate a decayed plum tree:

In the specialized rejuvenation of plum trees, the derivation cut plays a key role. Basically, plums, rennet loins and mirabelle plums do not respond well to a radical pruning. They successfully mitigate the effects by redirecting old shoots to a young, outward-looking runner. Ideally, it is biennial wood that is garnished with flower buds. Use pruning shears or saws where old and young wood fork. Do not cut into the young shoot, but into the old wood a few millimeters behind the fork.

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Carefully cut old wood with pin cut


Among the advantageous cutting techniques in the section of fruit trees is the pin cut. On the plum tree, old wood tends to dry deeply on larger cuts. This increases the risk of fungal infections and rot. By cutting a thick, old branch on cones, you prevent the dilemma. Leave a 10 to 15 centimeters long stub. Smooth the wound with a knife and spread the wound edges with tree wax. In the following 2 to 3 years young shoots form at the base of the stem. This is the signal to remove last cone remnants in the summer. Thanks to this approach, your plum tree can close the wound better and faster.

frequently asked Questions

Are plum trees self-fertile?

As a rule, plums thrive as self-fertile trees. Some historical varieties, however, rely on a pollinator. Ask exactly when purchasing at nursery and garden center. In principle, it is advantageous for the crop yield when two varieties of plums are in close proximity. This can be a pillar plum in lack of space.

At the end of March I planted my first plum tree. Is it really necessary to do a parenting session this spring?

In fact, it is advisable to make a plum tree in the first spring. Well positioned for a high yield is the tree with a central drive and up to four guide branches, which are at an advantageous 60 ° angle to the trunk. Excessive shoots are removed. Then cut the scaffold drives in half to be in the juice scale. Keep the center drive a little higher. It is important to note that the buds of the leaders are facing outwards.

I would like to plant a grafted Renekloden tree in the garden. Should the finishing station be above or below ground?

The refining site on the Renekloden tree always stays above the ground. With all plum trees for the home garden, there is a risk that the noble variety will take root independently. In this way, the good properties of the pad are lost.

Is it possible to limit a mirabelle tree to a height of 2 meters?

Mirabelle plums - like all plum trees - are stone fruits. Characteristic of these fruit trees is a strong growth to the light. As a result, mirabelle plums become quite tall. Well-planned education and regular cutting measures help to control growth. However, a stature height of at least 2.50 to 3 meters is realistic. Lack of space in the garden, it is advisable to cultivate mirabelle plums as pillar fruit.

I underestimated the strong growth of a plum tree and would like to transplant it. When is the best time? What should I pay particular attention to?

Within the first five years, it is easily possible to replant a plum tree. The best time is in autumn, when harvest and leaf fall are completed. Dig out the root ball as widely as possible. At the new location, there should have been no plums, ricefields or mirabelle plums before, because otherwise soil fatigue is to be feared. A plum tree can cope better with the change of location if you cut back the crown one-third or one-half before or after. In this way, you balance the lost root mass again.

The 3 most common cut defects

If a young plum tree consistently rejects the picturesque flowers and juicy fruits or rejuvenates in total failure, the gardener has made typical cuts. To keep the readers of this tutorial from classic mistakes, the following overview points out common mistakes and tips on how to prevent the nuisance:

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Tips

Appointment recommendations for a rejuvenation cut in the summer fall with responsible home gardeners on deaf ears. In the dense crown of the old plum tree it gets high during the warm season. Hardworking bird parents like to build their nests in the shelter of the leaves, to devote themselves to the breeding of their offspring. Radical cutting measures would have fatal consequences for the already highly threatened birdlife. The Federal Nature Conservation Act lays down the demand for a grace period with paragraph 39. Between 1 March and 30 September are pruned woodcuts of all kinds.