Garden

Dendrobium: care and varieties

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Author: Peter Berry
Date Of Creation: 12 February 2021
Update Date: 1 July 2024
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Different Dendrobium Orchids, different care requirements
Video: Different Dendrobium Orchids, different care requirements

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There are over 1000 types of dendrobia

Dendrobium: care and varieties

Dendrobiums are among the most abundant flowering ornamental orchids. With us you can keep it great on the windowsill. What you need to keep in mind when cultivating and maintaining everything has been put together as once.

ancestry

Dendrobium belong to the plant family of orchids and are very diverse with about 1600 different species. Like most orchids, Dendrobium originated primarily from tropical habitats in Southeast Asia from India to the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. Some species have also adapted to dry, cooler regions, such as the high altitudes of the Himalayas or the interior of Australia.

The species cultivated preferentially as ornamental plants in Central Europe are mainly hybrid species such as the grape orchid Dendrobium nobile or the Dendrobium bigibbum. These species are best suited for the local window sill culture with cool wintering.


growth

Typically, most dendrobium species are epiphytes - they grow in their original areas of origin preferably on trees, occasionally on rock. They stick with numerous aerial roots to their host plant - or in the bucket on the holding substrate - and become depending on the kind only a few centimeters or up to a meter high. The grape orchid Dendrobium nobile reaches about 30 to 45 centimeters.

Dendrobium are also among the sympodial orchids that form so-called pseudobulbs. These club- or spindle-like thickening shoot axes serve the plant as a water and nutrient storage

To remember:

leaves

The leaves of dendrobium usually have a typical orchid-like, oval to lanceolate form and a leathery-fleshy consistency. They alternate on the stem and have a medium green color. At the end of the growing season, the leaves are dropped.

blossoms

The most important part of Dendrobium for ornamental gardeners is of course the blossom. This is particularly rich in this orchid species. The many single flowers unfold both laterally, as well as at the ends of the biennial, unbelaubten pseudobulbs, so that a whole, pan-like flower rod results. They sit on short stems in the leaf axils. The morphology of the Dendrobium flowers are different depending on the species, but typically orchid typical with three sepals, two petals and a lip-shaped, sixth petal.


A Dendrobium orchid can form about 20 to 50 individual flowers, which often smell very pleasant.

The floral characteristics at a glance:

When is flowering time?

The lush flowering originates from the Dendrobium orchid in the growing season between spring and autumn. If the ambient temperature is not too warm, the flowers last for a pleasantly long time, about 3 to 6 weeks.

Which location is suitable?

Dendrobium need a bright location, but should not be exposed to direct sunlight. You can also put it outside in the summer, but preferably under a light canopy on the terrace or balcony. Even in winter, the Denrdobien orchid should stand bright.

At the temperature, however, a seasonal change is required. Over the summer, the plant should be warm, preferably from 20 ° C upwards. During the winter rest period, a cooling is necessary, not only because of the vegetative break, but also, so that the change to warm temperatures in spring, a rich flowering is induced. The temperature in winter quarters should be between about 10 and 17 ° C.

The location requirements in key words:

Which soil does the plant need?

As an epiphyte, the Dendrobium orchid prefers a loose bark substrate, where it can cling to its aerial roots, providing enough air and light. You can also put them in a substrate of orchid soil. Here, however, you should definitely incorporate an effective drainage layer and ensure a good drain, such as a convex pottery shard over the lower pot hole. So that new shoots have room to grow, it is best to place the orchid in the pot so that the older shoots are on the outside.

repotting

Only transplant a Dendrobium orchid when absolutely necessary, that is, if it becomes visibly too tight in the pot or the substrate is just too old and too modern. Generally, however, the plant gets along well with restriction at its base. Accordingly, do not choose a much larger pot for changing. The right time for repotting is spring, when the orchid trains new pseudobulbs. But even in the fall into a repot is possible. In winter, you should leave the plant but completely alone.
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Pour dendrobium

The Dendrobium orchid should be watered from spring until the pseudobulbs have fully developed. But be careful not to give too much water at a time, so that the substrate can always dry completely in between. With too much water, the aerial roots can easily rot, the bulbs die off and the leaves are thrown off.

Use as little as possible water, possibly from the rain barrel. When the pseudobulbs are mature, you can fully perform their water storage task, eliminating the need to water them so often.

As a tropical plant, the Dendrobium orchid also likes one or the other misty spray shower.

The casting practice at a glance

Fertilize Dendrobium properly

Fertilize the Dendrobium orchid moderately during the growing season. You should keep a gap of about two to three weeks - the nutrient requirement of dendrobium is rather low. Use a liquid fertilizer in low concentration. From the autumn you should crawl out the fertilizer - in the winter, if at all, fertilized at most very sparingly.

Cut Dendrobium properly

A pruning is not necessary with dendrobium. You do not have to cut off even old leaves, they fall off by themselves or can be carefully pulled off. If it bothers you, you can remove an old, blown shoot with scissors.
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Multiply Dendrobium

Kindel

Dendrobia are children-forming plants - so the question of the propagation method is almost answered. The children form on the shoot eyes of the pseudobulbs, occasionally also on the stems of the flowers. The kindles should be allowed to grow on the mother plant as long as possible, so that they can accumulate their own strength and form roots of about 5 cm in length. It is best to let it mature for a whole year. The condition of the bulb indicates that a detachment and an independent life of the child is possible: When he turns yellow and begins to dry out, he has fulfilled his task and the child is mature.

However, they should only separate it from the mother plant if it is easy. Try to turn it carefully. If the child does not come off easily, cut it off together with a bulky piece and put it into a separate plant container with orchid soil.

It often takes about a year for the young plant to show its first flowering.

division

Dendrobia can also be increased by rhizome division. The Kindelvermehrung is preferable to this method. When separating a piece of the rhizome, make sure the part has at least 4 pseudobulbs. Place the section in a planter with soil containing debris and keep it evenly but sparingly wet. After the budding, you continue to cultivate the plant appropriate to your species. If it's big enough, put it in a round mulch substrate.

offshoot

Offshoot is obtained from dendrobium in the form of the Kindel. For how to remove and tighten them from the mother plant, refer to the section "To multiply".
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pests

As is common with orchids, dendrobium are a little prone to all parasites that are attracted to dry conditions. These include, in particular, spider mites and mealybugs.

spider mites

Spider mites can be seen with the naked eye. The sucking animals have a body length of about 0.3 to 0.8 millimeters and can have a reddish to orange or yellowish green color. But even more clearly they betray themselves by their fine webs, with which they cover the infested plant. Their larvae lay the females on the undersides of the leaves.

If your Dendrobium orchid is affected by spider mites, you can first treat the parasite with water: use a strong jet of water to flush the plant. This will wash off most mites. It is recommended to enclose the complete orchid under a foil pouch. In the humid, humid climate, the pests usually enter within a week.

mealybugs

Woll lice are even larger than spider mites and excrete on the affected plant a waxy substance, which they wrap in wooly cuddly. They are also easy to recognize. The lice suck on almost all parts of the orchid and weaken them very much. Take control measures as directly as possible.

First, you should remove the affected parts of the plant. Isolate the orchid as possible from your other houseplants. Then you can apply a spray treatment from a water-spirit-core soap mixture. In each case 15 ml of spirit and curd soap should come to one liter of water. Repeat the spray treatment regularly for about 2 to 3 days.

prevention

Both spider mites and mealybugs are best prevented by not exposing the Dendrobium orchid to very dry heating air. Especially in the heating season you should spray them regularly with the water disperser. A generally good care makes the plant less vulnerable.

Dendrobium does not bloom

If you wait in vain for the flowering of your Dendrobium orchid, you will most likely have it overheated too warm. In order to produce a flower, the plant needs a temperature incentive - you can give it by keeping it in a cool winter and warm it up from spring. The temperature in the winter quarter should be around 15 ° C - when moving to summer quarters, it should rise to at least 20 ° C.
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Tip:

If you want to extend the flowering time of your Dendrobium orchid, set it again immediately after the first flowers have opened, colder, but not below 15 ° C. This will induce a more perennial flower presence.

sorts

* Dendrobium nobile *:
This breed form is a hybrid and one of the most common among the dendrobium. And also within the ornamental orchids in general, it is one of the most popular variants. With its large, elaborate flowers, it is not only a particularly beautiful ornament, but also relatively easy to care for, so that it is also suitable for beginners of orchids.

The flowers of the Dendrobium nobile show up in typical, zygomorphic orchid style with an elaborately curved lip petal above the calyx and petals. With their multicolored tints in white and violet to pink, they are a very decorative sight. The flowers can appear in very early spring from February or even in late spring to early summer. By a new rest phase at cooler temperatures can usually induce a second flowering.

The Dendrobium nobile needs a loose as possible Orchid substrate from bark mulch and should be poured sparingly, but all the more to be sprayed with water. The variety is about 10 to 70 inches high.

* Dendrobium bigibbum *:
This hybrid is also quite common and delights with its rich flowering flora of purple to pink or rarely bluish flowers. With a height between 20 and 80 centimeters, the Dendrobium bigibbum is still a little higher than the D. nobile. It forms cylindrical pseudobulbs, each with 3 to 5 green, sometimes violet leaves and between March and June start up to 20 single flowers. The flower shape is morphologically as the D. Nobile.

The D. bigibbum likes a very bright location and should be cast only minimally. In terms of ambient temperature, she likes it a little cooler.

* Dendrobium amabile *:
This flowering variety flowers with relatively flat, open flowers with a stately size of 4 to 5 cm in diameter. With their porcelain-white color and the yolk-yellow center, they are a pretty eye-catcher. Since they are also formed very numerous, arise on the stems very lush Blütenrispen. The flowering period is relatively late between April and August.

The Dendrobium amabile reaches a moderate height of 40 to 50 centimeters. Since it is originally from altitudes of up to 1200 meters in China and Vietnam, it needs a moderately warm ambient temperature and not too much water. She does not need so much to be sprayed. Also their need of light is rather moderate.

* Dendrobium kingianum *:
This variety delights with its delicate, small flowers in white to pink shades that appear very late in the growing season between August and October. On a panicle develops a moderate number of 2 to 15 single flowers. With a total height of the pseudobulbs of only 5 to 30 centimeters, the Dendrobium kingianum is also one of the smaller dendrobium.